Information and communication technologies Essay Example for Free

Information and communication technologies Essay Even though the ICT sector is itself worth between 6-8% of the EU’s GDP in the last few years, ICTs are much more important than that figure suggests, as they are central for the current situation and development of much more spheres of contemporary society as a whole and of national economies in Europe in particular. Today ICTs play a crucial role in: improving competitiveness throughout the economy in the face of globalisation, by boosting innovation, creativity and efficiency; scientific and technological development in various areas (including medicine and physics); modernising sectors as diverse as education, security, energy and transport, and making Europe’s public sector more efficient; tackling social challenges and improving quality of life and meeting the challenge of an ageing society. The EU policy framework for the information society and media i2010- also promotes a European Information Society for all citizens[2]. Actions implemented under this i2010 priority aim to ensure that the benefits of the information society can be enjoyed by everyone (e-Inclusion). Areas of eInclusion policy, as defined in i2010, are: ageing, eAccessibility, broadband gap (overcoming the so called â€Å"digital divide†), inclusive eGovernment, digital literacy and culture. Actions under this priority also aim to encourage provision of better public services (eGovernment and eHealth). Here are the main spheres where ICTs have even bigger potential and are expected to develop in the short run: Growth and Competitiveness ICT is a driver for productivity. The gains from ICT stem directly from investment in ICT, a fast growing and innovative ICT sector, and indirectly from improvements in business processes through wider use of these technologies across the economy. According to a study[3], the overall contribution to labour productivity growth from ICT investments and from technical progress in the production of ICT goods and services accounted for about 40% of EU labour productivity growth over the second half of the 1990s, compared with 60% in the US. The ICT sector, as a whole, performs fairly well in comparison with the US in terms of size (10% of GDP in the US against 8% in the EU, and also in productivity and employment creation), but less so in terms of contribution to RD (in the US, ICT account for 30% of RD). However, in these developments the EU has suffered from lower and delayed investments in ICT and, possibly, a less efficient use of ICT. Using Information and Communication Technologies can also further be used to manage finite natural resources and energy consumption much more efficiently, so that improving environmental protection without holding back economic development[4]. Convergence More and more, convergence of technologies, infrastructure and applications is developing to provide consumers with an access to a great diversity of attractive services and rich media and content on a wide range of devices. Availability of content and services is becoming critical as the market moves to a phase where value-added services and content are key to revenue growth. The policy focus for 2010 will probably be the creation of a favourable environment that stimulates the competitive deployment of new converging services. Broadband networks EU countries are global leader in high-speed internet. The number of fixed broadband internet connections in the EU keeps growing: 14 million more in 2008, reaching over 114 million in total. Denmark and the Netherlands are world leaders in broadband, with take up over 35% of population. They lead, along with Sweden, Finland, the UK, Luxembourg, Belgium, Germany and France, the US, which was at 25% in July 2008. This has produced a critical mass and there is already evidence that markets for high-quality content and service development are taking off. Furthermore, new developments in wireless broadband have made spectrum availability crucial to new services and applications, and the efficient management of spectrum key to further broadband developments. Finally, the enhancement of interoperability and security are essential to and increase consumers’ choice and facilitate take-up. In the beginning of 2009 1 billion euro has been earmarked by the European Commission to help rural areas[5] get online, bring new jobs and help businesses grow. Competitiveness, job creation and protection, sustainable development, spatial balance and fighting the digital divide are the main goals that the broadband internet access could achieve. Contents and information society services Convergence is creating a promising range of opportunities for the development of content and information society services making the most of ICT. The challenge for the single information space is to create the appropriate environment that will meet both business and consumer expectations while promoting the European content industry. This requires a competitive environment, where interoperability allows cross-platform competition and usage. This also requires a clear European regulatory framework with respect to content regulation and a secure environment for the distribution of digital content. Ensuring consumer acceptance pass by offering access to a great variety of flexible content and services adapted to user needs. Improving security and privacy as well as minor protection and media literacy are needed to allow European citizens to benefit fully from these content and services. Innovation and research In order Europe to catch-up with the levels of productivity growth of other regions of the world, it should strengthen innovation and concentrate these efforts in those sectors, like the ICT, where the value added is the highest. A pre-requisite is to increase investment in research: at present the EU devotes only 18% of research expenditure to ICT whereas the leading OECD countries allocate more than 30%[6]. In absolute amounts, Europe’s investment in ICT research is only two thirds of that of Japan and one third of that seen in the USA. Research and development is making technology simpler to use, more available and affordable; providing new ICT-based solutions that are trusted, reliable, and adaptable to users’ contexts and preferences. However, research alone is not sufficient as it needs be consolidated by organisational innovation. ICT must be widely adopted and supported by adequate reorganisation of business processes and by a skilled workforce. Businesses in the EU are increasingly adopting advanced ICT and are engaging in on-line transactions but are lagging behind in the adoption of integrated business applications (particularly the European small and medium enterprises). Skills and work The development of the ICT sector and the wide-spread diffusion and use of ICT in the economy and in the society bring opportunities for new employment and more creative and fulfilling jobs. Changing needs for ICT and e-Business skills (e-Skills) in the future heavily depend on innovation and the introduction of new technologies. The greatest challenge is to assess forward-looking innovations and understand what new skills will be needed, to be able to anticipate and manage changes and be effective, quick and efficient in creating new, innovative jobs. e-Business Though nearly all enterprises are connected to the internet, a large section of the business community is only beginning to exploit the potential of ICT. E-commerce is expected to continue to grow rapidly. More efforts are needed to improve business processes in European enterprises and fully integrate ICT providing new opportunities to reduce their costs and improve performance. Factors which will contribute to increase e-Business include promotion of take-up of e-business solutions and best practices security, addressing privacy and security concerns, availability of content and new services, increase automation of business processes, acceptance of payment for content and services, e-invoicing and e-procurement. Public services Public services are at the heart of the European social model, playing a key role in growth, innovation and cohesion. There is increasing evidence that a better exploitation of ICT through combined improvement of facilities, working processes and skills can significantly enhance public service’s organisation provision. However, the potential remains unfulfilled due to technical, legal or organisational obstacles. For example, government services are widely available online but the demand is not sufficient and efficiency gains from back-office reorganisation are still largely underexploited. Specific challenges relate to friendly user-centric services, back-office streamlining, interoperability of key infrastructures and facilities, identity management, or privacy and trust. e-Inclusion Increasing impact of ICT on social inclusion and participation creates new opportunities. Significant progress on ICT penetration across all EU regions and socio-demographic groups helps to decrease disparities. However, some specific challenges concern accessibility of ICT equipment and user-friendly interfaces, digital literacy or improved confidence and support for ICT use. Some important concerns are â€Å"design for all† of ICT equipment; human mediation and support for e-services; intuitive use of affordable value-added e-content and services accessible; and efficient solutions for threats to privacy, security and harmful content threats. Quality of life and environment ICT have a direct impact on the environment but also indirect social and economic consequences as a result of its application. ICT positive impact on the environment includes environmental modelling (forecasting), the miniaturisation of devices (which reduces the resources needed for manufacture and distribution), micro/nano technology and embedded systems which improve disaster management, and reduce the environmental impact of farming and fishing. ICT also enables a less resource-intensive production, thereby reducing the environmental impact of economic activities. e-Work contributes to environmental sustainability as travelling to work is reduced. Innovative transport planning systems can ease traffic congestion and optimise transport capacity. ICT can also contribute to quality of life by delivering more efficient and more effective public services and goods to individuals which in turn can improve their life chances. ICT support for comprehensive life-long learning policies (through e-learning, digital competence actions) can enable all individuals to adapt and keep the pace with the continuous social, economic and technological changes. Climate and energy policy The combined climate and energy policy is central at the EU’s political programme. Its aism are to bring about alternative ways of running our daily lives so that Europe can continue to create growth and jobs while leading the global effort to tackle climate change and energy efficiency. Europe faces three main challenges in this field tackling climate change, guaranteeing secure, sustainable and competitive energy, and making the European economy a model for sustainable development in the 21st century[7]. The resolve of the European Council[8] to transform Europe into a low-carbon, high energy efficiency economy means that the continued growth of the European economy, essential to achieve full employment and inclusion, needs to be decoupled from energy consumption. The current trends are unsustainable. Indeed, if nothing were to change, final energy consumption in the EU is predicted to increase up to 25% by 2012, with a substantial rise in greenhouse gas emissions. ICTs have an important role to play in reducing the energy intensity and increasing the energy efficiency of the economy, in other words, in reducing emissions and contributing to sustainable growth. In addition to that, ICTs will not only improve energy efficiency and combat climate change but will also stimulate the development of a large leading-edge market for ICT enabled energy-efficiency technologies that can foster the competitiveness of European industry and create new business opportunities.

Timolol Maleate 0.5% Eye Drop Preparation

Timolol Maleate 0.5% Eye Drop Preparation Formulation of eye drops (TIMOLOL MALEATE 0.5% m/V EYE DROPS) By: Introduction The Timolol Maleate 0.5% M/V Eye Drops is indicated for the reduction the intraocular pressure in the (IOP) persons suffering from ocular hypertension or glaucoma they are insufficiently responsive to the topical Beta Blockers. It is shown to reduce IOP in patients that have chronic open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and in Aphakic patients with signs of glaucoma and in those patients who wear contact classes (Siegal, 2007). It also shows a reduction of IOP in patients having narrow angles and those with iatrogenically-induced narrow angle closures. The inactive ingredients or excipients in Timolol sodium hydroxide used for pH adjustment, monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphates, and purified water. Purified water is used for injection purposes. 0.01% Benzalkonium chloride is used as a preservative. The preservative is a quaternary ammonium. Its mechanism of action involves the intrinsic detergent processes that result in the dissolution of the bacterial membranes and cell walls, thus preserving the medicine (Wang et al., 2012). It is particularly focused on the preservation against gram-positive bacteria. The aim of this project is to prepare a Timolol maleate 0.5% eye drop using the sterilization method. The autoclave sterilization method is based on the WHO standard. Methods Alcohol wipes were used to initially clean the top panel of the laminar flow cabinet. The direction of cleaning was from back to front (from one corner towards the airflow direction). It was wiped twice while ensuring that the wiping stripes overlapped. It was disinfected until the top panel. Then, starting from one side of the panels, it was disinfected until the bottom of the panel. The processes were repeated until all the side panels and bottom panels were adequately disinfected. The production sheet record was filled and completed before the start of the experiment. 50 ml of Timolol maleate was weighed; Disodium Hydrogen Orthophosphate and Dihydrogen Sodium Phosphate were also weighed and put in separate test tubes. Centrimide 0.5% Stock Solution was added to half of distilled water in a beaker. The mixture was stirred gently. Disodium Hydrogen Orthophosphate and Dihydrogen Sodium Phosphate were added to the mixture and stirred to dissolve. Timolol maleate was added to the mixture and stirred to dissolve. Freshly distilled water was added to the solution to make up to the final volume. Sintered glass filter method was used. The filtrate was put into the beaker. It was then poured into pre-sterilized bottles. The filtrate was filled up to the bottle shoulder. The dropper was inserted into the bottles, and caps screwed tightly by hand (WHO, 2002). Autoclave sterilization was carried out on the solution at 121-124 oC. The process was carried out for 15 minutes at approximately 200 kPa or 1 atmosphere above the atmospheric pressure. The solution was viewed and labelled after sterilization and cooling of the solution. Results Table 1: Microbiological methods Table: 2. Environmental monitoring Settle Plates should be accurately positioned in the Laminar Flow Cabinet by placing one settle plate for each corner. That is, one should be placed to the back left, one to the back right, one to the front left and one to the front right. A minimum of 10 cm gap should be left between the settle plates and the walls of the cabinet. Figure: 1. Autoclave controls before sterilization Figure: 2. Results after sterilization Discussion As shown in figure 2, the autoclave turned black after the sterilization process. This shows that it was sterilized. The Sterikon ® Plus indicators have nutrient broth made up of sugar, spores of a pathogenic bacillus stearothermophilus and a pH indicator. When the sterilization process is carried out, the ampules in the indicator retain the red-violet color. On the other hand, if sterilization does not take place, then bacterial growth occurs. This leads to ampules becoming turbid and changing color to yellow (Block, 2001). The manufacturing processes are valid and the cleanliness levels achieved throughout the sterilization process. From table 1, there was growth in aerobic tests in a nutrient broth medium and fungal tests in a Yeast dextrose broth medium. This indicates that the conditions were favorable for growth. The anaerobic control and fungal control also indicated growth under Robertson’s cooked meat medium and Yeast dextrose broth media respectively. From table 2, there was no growth all the settle plates placed in different positions. The sterilization process is a reliable approach because high temperatures are achieved through steam under pressure mechanisms. The moist heat reaches temperatures above the boiling point, thus achieving effective sterilization. This approach is the best because pressurized steam destroys all forms of life and bacterial spores (Mazhar, 2009). References Block, SS 2001, Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation. London: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Mazhar, H 2009, Autoclaving: Real Sterilization. Viewed 23 January, 2014 fromhttp://microbiologyon-line.blogspot.com/2009/08/autoclaving-real-sterilization.html Siegal, PA 2007. Glaucoma Medical Therapy: Principles and Management: Principles and Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wang, H, Switlick, K, Ortiz, C, Zurita, B Connor, C 2012. Health Insurance Handbook: How to Make It Work. World Bank Publications. WHO 2002, The Local Small-Scale Preparation of Eye Drops: Eye Drop Update 2002.WHO/PBL/01.83 Standard Operating Procedure A Cleaning and Disinfecting Laminar Flow Cabinets Step 1: Wear suitable Size Gloves. Step 2: Using alcohol wipes initially wipe the top panel of the laminar flow cabinet starting from one corner and in the direction of the airflow (i.e. from back to front). Repeat this process for another strike. But ensure that the wiping strips overlap. Continue disinfecting until reaching the other side of the top panel. Every now and then turn around the alcohol wipe to use a clean side. Step 3: Starting from one of the side panels, place an unused alcohol wipe on the top and the back corner of the panel, and wipe in the direction of the airflow (i.e. from back to front.) Repeat this process for another strike, but ensure that wiping strips overlap. Continue disinfecting until reaching the bottom panel. Every now and then turn over the alcohol wipe to use a clean side. Step 4: Apply the step 2 process for the other side panel. Step 5: Apply step 1 process for the bottom panel. Standard Operating Procedure B Positioning Settle Plates inside a Laminar Flow Cabinet Step 1: Place one settle plate in each corner, i.e. one to the back left, one to the back right, one to the front left and one to the front right. Step 2: Give a minimum of 10 cm gap between the settle plates and walls of the cabinet. QC SHEET Manufacturers Label Name: Timolol Maleate 0.5% Eye Drops (TIMOPTIC-XE) Type of Medicine: Beta-blocker eye drop preparation Use: Chronic open angle glaucoma Available as: Eye drops, eye gel, single-use eye drops Manufacturer Code: TM5483-67 Manufacture License: TM3421-564-6 Expiry Date: 12:01:2015 Manufacturer Address: MJU Advertising LLC PO BOX: 22874 OUT METHA, DUBAI UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Raw Material Identification and Quantification Active: Brimonidine Tartrate 0.2% w/v Timolol Maleate IP equivalent to Timolol 0.5% w/v Inactive Ingredients: Sodium chloride, Disodium EDTA, Sodium dihydrogen Phosphate dihydrate, Disodium hydrogen phosphate, Sodium hydroxide, Water for Injections.

La Cultura Cubana Essay -- Essays Papers

La Cultura Cubana Yo sueno con los ojos abiertos, y de dia y noche siempre sueno y sobre las espumas del ancho mar revuelto y por entre las crespas arenas del desierto... ~Jose Marti The media has always been one of the most important ways that human beings communicate. It is a form of personal and political expression that reveals important and intimate information about a culture. In the case of Cuba, where society is influenced by many peoples, and political alignments are in constant reform, culture is very rich. By examining the information presented in the media and the public's reaction to it, the heart of a nation is revealed and the world is brought closer together through television, newspapers and radio. In Cuba, the mass media â€Å"are an essential channel for mass mobilization and control, management of domestic conflict, and the maintenance of the Cuban revolutionary process† (Nichols, 71). The media is a force often employed by the revolutionary government; the New York Times described it as the â€Å"government of television†(71). However, it is not a government of exclusively television communications: radio and print media reach virtually the entire population and television reaches most (Nichols, 72). All television and radio stations are controlled by one central government agency, the ICRT. There are more than one hundred newspapers and magazines published independently by separate government run organizations: â€Å"it would not be and exaggeration to say that most organizations have their own publication† (Luis, 66). Regardless of which agency is in control, all media in Cuba in controlled by the government (Nichols, 75). This has an enormous eff... ... Despite the embargo with the United States and government control of all forms of communication, the flow of knowledge cannot be stopped. With the flow of information comes the ability to think and to learn, the hunger for knowledge in Cuba is strong. People seek out the media and respond to it. Cuba is a nation that is rich in intellect, culture and diversity and this is reflected in all their interactions and forms communication. Works Cited 1. Casablanca. Ed. Dolgin, Gail and Franco, Vincente. Videocasettte. San Francisco: Cuba Va Video Project, 1993. 2. Luis, William. Culture and Customs of Cuba. Westport, Ct: Greenwood Press, 2001. 3. Hichols, John Spencer, â€Å"The Mass Media: their functions in social conflict†. Cuba and Internal Affairs. Ed. Dominguez, Jorge I. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1982. 71-106.

It Wont Happen to Me - Original Writing :: Papers

It Won't Happen to Me - Original Writing Harvey had heard about the disappearances in the forest. Despite what his parents had said and the rumours he had heard, he was not going to let himself be scared by some over exaggerated stories. After all, he was fifteen years old, strong and definitely didn't think anything could possibly happen to him. It was one of those days in the middle of July when the summer seems as if it will never end. Harvey wanted to make the most of his holiday and was going to stay at someone's house with a couple of friends and hoped to arrive before dark. His parents had insisted on him taking the long way round and bypassing the forest but he decided it would take too long. He felt it made no sense riding the long way around instead of taking the direct route so he grabbed his backpack, hopped on his bike and started to make his way through the dirty trails of the forest. All was going well, Harvey was cheerful and was looking forward to the night ahead of him. He thought that if he kept up this pace he would be at his friend's house in no time. But suddenly he heard something from underneath him. Upon further inspection he realized he had suffered a puncture. "Damn", he cursed as he examined the damage. The tyre was completely deflated and there was no hope of cycling the rest of the journey. He stood still in the middle of the middle of the forest for a few moments and contemplated what would be the best thing to do. He remembered he had left his bike lock at home and was angry with himself that he had left with such haste. He decided that all he could do was put his bike behind a towering fir tree and hope that its bright red colour scheme didn't attract too much attention. The light was beginning to fade so he quickly rejoined the track and carried on with his journey.

History of Computers :: Computing Services Technology Essays

History of Computers For many people living in the 21st century, the computer has become a very important tool for everyone. The computer has the ability to give information, it can help to correct mistakes that people make, and it is able to keep track of many things. It is also able to do many different calculations, this was one of the reasons that sparked the idea of the computer so many years ago. The first computer dates back to about 2000 years ago. With the abacus, a wooden rack holing two horizontal wires with beads strung on them (Meyers 1). This idea came about because man wanted to be able to automate the counting system. Even though this was not an automatic machine, it allowed the user to remember calculations and it also help to perform complex problems (Hoyle). After the creation of the abacus there was not really much advancement on the computer. Until Blaise Pascal working on the first digital computer in 1642 (Meyers 1). Pascal’s dad was a tax collector and he designed the computer so that it would be easier for his father for perform mathematical computations. The machine was called the Pascaline computer. The computer was able to add and after making few adjustments it was able to multiply (Hoyle). In the 1600’s this was remarkable technology at the time but there were disadvantages. If there was a problem with the computer only Pascal would be able to fix it and it would cost a lot. In 1812 a mathematics professor by the name of Charles Babbage became aware 1 that many mathematical calculation were predictable and so therefore it was possible that it could be done automatically.

Gender determination Essay

When an individual is born, he or she has male or female sexual organs and this determines the sex of that individual and consequently how the society expects that person to behave. Gender is different however, in that it transcends the simple biological explanation of why one is a boy and another is a girl. This paper will focus on what makes one a girl putting aside the fact that one was born one. It will also look at the possibility of an individual being born a girl but changing to become a boy. How and why this is done is also part of the discussion. Gender is described as â€Å"the socially constructed roles, behaviour, activities and attributes that a particular society considers appropriate for men and women† (http://www. who. int). This means that to be masculine or feminine depends on a society and not only on the sexual organs that one is born with. Once an individual is born, the society teaches him or her how to behave according to the expectations that specific society has for an individual belonging to his or her particular sex. Every society has some roles that are assigned to male and female members of the society and this determines whether one is male or female. The question then becomes whether one is born with his or her gender or this is learned from the society that one grows in. In my own case, attending a girl’s school determined my becoming feminine and thus becoming a girl despite the fact that I was born a girl. In the school, only girls were around and thus were the only role models that I had. This meant that I only had other girls to emulate in my behaviour and my peers were also girls so together we all aspired to be better girls. The teachers we had were also keen on ensuring that we were trained on how girls should behave in certain occasions and also which aspects were to be admired in a girl and which were abhorrent in a female. This shows that one can be trained to become feminine or masculine but it is important to note that it is not always so. This can be demonstrated by the number of girls who would get into trouble with the teachers for playing truant yet this was supposed to be an undesirable trait for girls and hence was dissuaded. These girls were given the same training as all their peers yet tended to behave differently causing one to question whether gender is completely determined by the society (Morrow 1991). Despite the question that is posed above, it is clear that girls who are educated in girl’s only schools are usually more feminine than those who attend mixed schools. This is because those in mixed schools are not controlled as much as those in girls only schools. The environment they are reared in leans more towards femininity and thus tends to discourage any behaviour that is seen to be masculine. The lack of an alternative form of behaviour leads to their feminine behaviour although some will try deviate by doing what they think others are doing elsewhere (Askew & Davey 2005). This then leads to the question whether or not one can change from being a girl into a boy? Apart from the biological way, culture has two different ways of changing an individual’s gender. This can either be done by changing the culture one has been brought up in or by being brought up in an environment that emphasises the behaviour of the opposite sex (Watney 1994). Since gender is determined by the roles that a society assigns to each sex, ones gender can change depending on the culture one finds him or herself in at a particular time. Roles assigned to the sexes by different cultures differs and are interchanged whereby roles assigned to women in one culture may be assigned to men in another culture. In this way a male in one culture may be seen to be feminine in another thus changing a male into a female or vice versa. Another way that one can change ones gender is by rearing a girl in a male environment. The girl tends to adopt the masculine behaviours exhibited by her male counter parts as has been witnessed by the women who venture into fields assumed to be the male domain. This is in politics and business where women who succeed in these environments are seen to be more masculine than feminine thus changing their gender to becoming more male than female (Miller, Lewy & Peckham1997). In conclusion, it is correct to say that an individual’s gender is not only determined by his or her sex but also by the culture that they have grown in. the roles that a culture assigns to an individual are used to determine femininity and masculinity of members of the society. It is possible for ones gender to be changed depending on which community one is in. Roles assigned depending on an individuals sex change according to the society. Furthermore, the environment one is in influences the behaviour one has thus influencing the gender that one belongs to. Reference 1. Askew J. & Davey M. 2005, Sex Acts: Practices of Femininity and Masculinity, Archives of Sexual Behaviour Vol. 34, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks 2. Gender, World health organization retrieved on 13th April 2009 from http://www. who. int/topics/gender/en 3. Miller J. B. , Lewy J. & Peckham E. 1997, Context Effects on Self-Perceptions of Feminine and Masculine Quantities, Sex: A Journal of Research Vol. 37 4. Morrow F. 1991, Unleashing Our Unknown Selves: An Inquiry into the Future of Femininity and Masculinity, Praeger Publishers 5. Watney S. 1994, Aphrodite of the Future, Artforum International Vol. 32

Common Problems and Coping Strategies of Working Students of Usls

CHAPTER 1 Introduction Life is nothing but full of unpredictable endeavours; some who are blessed may not stay as wealthy while some have none are not permanently subjected to nothing. People make their own destiny with the decisions they make, their life progresses with the discipline they uphold and wisdom they strive to incur but most of all with the faith they live out for the rest of their lives. Take for example some of the famous actors such as Isco Moreno, Erap Estrada, Lito Lapid and etc. they are those who are born marginalized but with such effort they have achieved their goals and have become some of the few influential people in the country. In the University of St. La Salle, it is not unknown to us that the school extended its overwhelming presence to reach out to those who are in need and eager enough to finish one’s education. Some of the services that the school is offering are: categorized tuition, academic scholarship, and working student assistance scholars hip.These programs have touched, transformed, and helped a lot of students for the duration of their college lives. Miss Praulaine Kay Beatingo Garcia, 20 years old, is a graduate of Commerce of Hospitality Management in the said University. Miss Garcia is the eldest in the family, and because of some difficulties she enrolled herself and offered her services as a working student in the HSC – AVRC of the University of St. La Salle for 5 years. Endowed with such qualities and knowledge she graduated March 2013 as a Magna Cum Laude.Moreover, others such as, Cheryl Canja, Regine Agapin, Anne Genevieve Navales, Kevin Clyde Ong, Dick Ruselle Hofilena, are some of the few whom enjoyed the privileges of being a full time scholar under the working student assistant program. Being a working student is not a joke, there are many problems that a student may undergo in terms of his/her work, time management, school activities, school requirement, and etc. because of the presence of these problems the students uses several coping strategies for him/her to be able to surpass the demands of his/her environments.Thus, the study aims to find out the most common problems and what are the coping strategies of working students of the University of St. La Salle. Statement of the Problem Scope and Limitation The study primarily focuses on determining the common problems and coping strategies of working students enrolled for Summer 2013 of the University of St. La Salle, Bacolod City. The availability of time plus the loads of other tasks and responsibilities carried by the students were among the restrictions covered in this study.Also, given that a survey will be performed, the participants might not take it seriously and for this reason, will have minimal effect on the accuracy of the results. Significance of the Study Working Students. The study may provide the working students a level of understanding on the problems that other working students encounter and the coping s trategies that they utilize. A feeling of acceptance and common bond with others who are going through the same difficulties may be established with the working students and learning from others’ experiences.Teachers. Familiarity of the study would benefit the teachers through having an adequate knowledge of what they can do to facilitate the needs of working students. They could as well integrate classroom-based activities that could help in coping up the difficulties of these students. School. The school can moreover benefit from this study in a way the administrators may progress school programs. The school could propose new programs that would be able to attend to the needs of these students particularly assisting them with the common problems they encounter.Through this study, the school could as a matter of fact implement programs geared towards the improvement and enhancement of working students Others. The coping strategies discussed in this study may influence and he lp others, not only working students, deal with problems that they encounter in school, at home or anywhere else in their lives. Definition of Terms Working Students. Coping Strategies. Problems. Frequency. Extent.