The Oil And Gas Industry - 2120 Words

The oil and gas industry happens to be the largest industry in the world as it is the singular point of growth for a civilisation. Its importance lies in the fact that it is a fundamental aspect involving every individual’s lives from petrochemical products to transportation, heating and electricity fuels. Edwin Drake in Titusville, Pennsylvania drilled the very first oil well during 1859 and it paved the way to the beginning of the oil industry in America. While Edwin Drake focused on drilling oil wells in order to find oil, John Rockefeller thereafter focused on the refining of oil because it is through the refining of oil that it becomes fit for various purposes of practise. This was a step in the advancement of the oil and gas industry since it was this type of thinking that lead to the more commercially viable usage of oil. Before the creation of the Standard Oil Trust by Rockefeller, oil was mainly used for lamps and lubrication however, soon after oil was necessary for advanced inventions such as ships, airplanes and automobiles. For example, ships and trains were previously reliant on coal but were then switched to running on oil; this was a positive switch due to the fact that coal is the energy source which emits the most CO2. Hence, oil followed by natural gas became the most sought after and most imperative source of energy globally. Understanding the vitality of oil brings to the table the general security of energy. The fear of oil running out is aShow MoreRelatedThe Oil And Gas Industry1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe oil and gas industry is characterized by many processes, including exploration, resource extraction, refining, transport, and the trade of products. These resources are important to a number of other industries, and have become vital to the maintenance of industrial civilization. Not only does energy affect the big businesses on the coasts and across the oceans; but it also affects everyday people in rural America, from pump jacks to coal mines. It’s easy to see that technology affects retailRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe oil and gas industry is crucial to the U.S. economy and plays a central role in its environment, society, and economic development . The U.S. consumes more oil than any other country. Products derived from oil include medicine, recreationa l sports items, cosmetics, plastic, chemicals, transportation liquids, etc... This is to say, crude oil is the most important natural resource of the industrialized nations, as it has assisted in the technical expansion and discovery of new sources and productionRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry2146 Words   |  9 Pagesand production one like Cairn Energy, operate in the oil and gas industry. Each of these companies faces some financial, commercial or contractual considerations similar throughout the industry, and some peculiar to the area of operation within the industry. Problems within the oil and gas companies have occurred in the past due to askew interests and these problems are likely to occur in the future. Managers within the oil and gas industries requires essential working knowledge of the concepts involvedRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry2308 Words   |  10 PagesWhen thinking about how all this oil and gas gets from the platforms in the gulf to land to be produced, you will run across the phrase, â€Å"flow assurance.† Flow assurance is what makes sure these oils and gases get from point A to point B without any hesitations or problems. Its main purpose is to prevent hydrates, clogged pipes, and wax depositions. So can the oilfield industry survive without flow assurance, especially in deep water operations? By reading this, you will learn how important flowRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry2910 Words   |  12 PagesThe oil and gas industry has been largely dependent on the collaboration between oil and gas companies and governments represented by environmental and regulatory agencies. This collaboration has been in place to regulate the practices and to protect the environment around the field operations sites. Some of the environmental agencies roles in the oil and gas industry includes: †¢ The design of safety procedures and drills. †¢ The implementation of these procedures to ensure they’re respected and carriedRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry1285 Words   |  6 Pagesthe largest in the southern U.S. and Texas, has been developing strong economy, especially in oil and gas industry. During the last decades of the twentieth century, Houston focused on developing energy industry—which comprises oil and gas exploration and production, oilfield equipment manufacturing and wholesaling, and pipeline transportation. However, some economists doubt that depending on oil and gas too much could make Houston particularly vulnerable to economic downturns determined by energyRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry1662 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most capital intensive and globalized industries is the energy sector because of its operations that are inherently complex. As such, the oil and gas projects experience overruns of costs that exceeds 100 percent at times, which have created the need for adoption o f new contracting strategies (Schramn, Meibner, Weidinger, 2009). The risks in most cases are contractually distributed and shared among the energy project stakeholders instead of leaving it to the owner. Some of the risksRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry1070 Words   |  5 PagesStarting my petroleum engineering degree, the oil and gas industry was doing very well at the time.The price of oil was around a hundred dollars per barrel, new independent companies were frequently being created, and the employment rate after graduating with a petroleum engineering degree was close to one hundred percent.However, the outlook of the industry has drastically changed while being in school.The price of oil is now hovering around thirty dollars per barrel and many companies are now havingRead MoreIfrs And Oil And Gas Industry985 Words   |  4 PagesTracy SzeWai Yim Professor. Karen (Jingrong) Lin Advanced Financial Accounting - Sec 061 June 20, 2016 GAAP vs IFRS in Oil and Gas Industry (Exxon Mobil vs Royal Dutch Shell) Oil and Gas industry is not a stranger in the international market since everyone around the world has a certain level of demand on Oil and Gas. Therefore, different oil and gas companies are founded across the world and a lot of them have gone global. Becoming global has enlarged the companies’ revenue but also complicatedRead MoreIndustry Analysis : The Oil And Gas Industry976 Words   |  4 PagesIndustry Analysis: The oil and gas industry is expansive and rather complex industry consisting of oil, fossil fuels, natural gas, oil and green energy sources. Combined the above sources make-up 32% of total energy consumed worldwide. Three sectors define the value chain of the oil industry; Upstream – which is the process of exploration and extracting the natural resource, control storage and entail refinement process. Midstream – consisting of distribution by pipelines and large quantity shipments

Supply Chain and Retail Management in Zara-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Supply chain and retail management in Zara, H M and Benetton. Answer: The design stage of the supply chain in H M, Benetton and Zara The three of the companies are in the same industry of retail and in the business for more than 50 years. However, Zara is newer comparing the three. Those companies have organised themselves over the years and established in their respective market. The main criteria three businesses are focusing are building their own brand products. H M is primarily focused on design and sells at a reasonable rate than that of Benetton. Benetton uses this exclusivity as primary focus. Zara has a different approach to design their material. The company uses the three different stages to design to gain competitive advantage in the industry that includes the market specialists designers and buyers (Hines 2014). Therefore, they also have small workshops in their outlets to get the review of their most loyal customers from the industry. Thus, the designing stage of the product is involved in all the stages of supply chain. Out of 40,000 different products only 10,000 gets into production designed by 3 00 designers. On the other hand, H M gets better control over their designing system. H M. The More of a centralised system, traditional approach and better control is exercised over the H M retail design and lesser variation and customisation, which is very different from that of Benetton. Benetton is most expensive than H M and Zara. They use more variation keeping in mind about the countrys or local fashion (Goworek and McGoldrick 2015). None of the retailers is involved in high-end fashion or any kind of haute Couture sale but nonetheless has more importance in the fashion industry. Benetton is also focused on the season less fashion in the industry. They are also focused on the small flash collection, which helps them in gauging the customer reaction in the products, where as if the design does not catch attention of their customers it gets replaced (Shen 2014). Manufacturing stage of the supply chain of H M, Benetton and Zara Benetton has originated from Italy, have international factories as well as in Italy. The retail outlets have different delivery outlets and franchises all over the world in the area of North Africa, Asia and Europe. However, the operations are more controlled in the headquarter of their office in Italy. The subcontractors are known as to source cheap labour from all over the world as well as sourcing materials from factoriesChan et2017). To cooperate the colour decision based on the market is also done in the assembly line. H M has no factory of their own and sources from the 750 suppliers from different small brands, which have large retail sections. The most important feature of the country is known of H M is their efficient supply chain management. Their process consists of the procuring order from the places that have different fashion basics. Volume maximisation is also their target to get a better cost advantage from the company (Chan et al. 2017). Therefore, trendier garmen ts are less available in the H M. Zaras lead-time is shorter as they have trendier garments in the industry they operate. There are more focused on the capital-intensive aspects of the industry rather than labour. 50% of the business is sourced from different brands and subcontractors and remaining 50 % is their own brands production or somewhere in the assembly line production, though they do not have an advantage of resourcing from the international market like Benetton. They also focus on the volume maximisation production system. Comparison between the distribution channels of Benetton, H M and Zara The Benetton and Zara go by the automated services in the warehouse and production centre are highly automated. The capacity of the companies is much more important in deciding the existing stores to increase the efficiency of the system (Huq et al. 2016). The warehouses are enough to bare the capacity of all the stores in country. They are also using the RFID tags to track its garments (Vlachos 2014). H M is exclusive retailer whereas Benetton and Zara are more production based, efficient in gathering physical labour and cost conscious in distribution process (Caniato et al. 2014). The logistics centres are of utmost importance in their strategy of distribution process. H M builds up on the green transport and suppliers are from the 90% overseas. In European market truck, shipping is more efficient and less costly. Zaras delivery is scheduled in to be twice a week and their r approaches are very responsive. The iron folds, bags and tags in garments are very important to be sending in the distribution centres before sending to the retail outlets. Zara is considered to be the fastest growing in the industry (Christopher 2016). The categorising the products in their manufacturing system in Zara is very efficient in the neighbouring countries from their head quarter, where as H M has call off warehouses and stocks in a single warehouse according to the level of selling. Thus, they create more efficiency and controls cost in their company. Physical distribution is subcontracted in the company (Huq et al. 2016). As H M does not own any kind of manufacturing factories in their company, they are more efficient in their supply chain management. The retail stage of the supply chain Zara has supply chain management, which is parallel or involved in the retail stage, as the store is designers corner in the retail outlets. Thus they have more feedback from their customers and aware of their customers taste and preferences. In the retail stage, they have a unique feature of having dynamic fashion clothes in the company. A design hardly stays two weeks in their store. The relatively small batches of clothes are essential feature of the company. This makes the customers visits very frequent in the company (Christopher 2016). The third party mostly operates Benetton. Stores are operated by larger outlets like 1500 3000 metres squares shopping outlets. These are called megastores where the companies sell whole range of products and alleviate their experience in the company. As H M have, no control over the company is manufacturing units they are more efficient in controlling their outlets (Beh et al. 2016). Overall view Though through the sales and feedback, Zara has the upper hand, Benetton and H M has more important part in the retail industry. Zara has made the market scarcer and filled it with dynamic fashion (Christopher 2016). They are also known as to provide good customer service. H M and Zara are follows similar warehousing patterns. However, three of the company are operating in the same industry and are competing with unique competencies among them (Beh et al. 2016). The fast fashion market is having gained a proper response making it a highly competitive sector. The effective information system and automated warehousing system has provided them with proper strategic advantage in achieving the ultimate market goal increasing profitability References Beh, L.S., Ghobadian, A., He, Q., Gallear, D. and O'Regan, N., 2016. Second-life retailing: a reverse supply chain perspective.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,21(2), pp.259-272. Caniato, F., Caridi, M., Moretto, A., Sianesi, A. and Spina, G., 2014. Integrating international fashion retail into new product development.International Journal of Production Economics,147, pp.294-306. Chan, A.T., Ngai, E.W. and Moon, K.K., 2017. The effects of strategic and manufacturing flexibilities and supply chain agility on firm performance in the fashion industry.European Journal of Operational Research,259(2), pp.486-499. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Fernie, J. and Sparks, L., 2014.Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Goworek, H. and McGoldrick, P., 2015.Retail marketing management: Principles and practice. Pearson Higher Ed. Hines, T., 2014.Supply chain strategies: demand driven and customer focused. Routledge. Huq, F.A., Chowdhury, I.N. and Klassen, R.D., 2016. Social management capabilities of multinational buying firms and their emerging market suppliers: An exploratory study of the clothing industry.Journal of Operations Management,46, pp.19-37. Li, Y., Zhao, X., Shi, D. and Li, X., 2014. Governance of sustainable supply chains in the fast fashion industry.European Management Journal,32(5), pp.823-836. Macchion, L., Moretto, A., Caniato, F., Caridi, M., Danese, P. and Vinelli, A., 2015. Production and supply network strategies within the fashion industry.International Journal of Production Economics,163, pp.173-188. Shen, B., 2014. Sustainable fashion supply chain: Lessons from HM.Sustainability,6(9), pp.6236-6249. Turker, D. and Altuntas, C., 2014. Sustainable supply chain management in the fast fashion industry: An analysis of corporate reports.European Management Journal,32(5), pp.837-849. Vlachos, I.P., 2014. A hierarchical model of the impact of RFID practices on retail supply chain performance.Expert Systems with Applications,41(1), pp.5-15.

The Alamo Essays - Davy Crockett, Texas Revolution,

The Alamo The Alamo, one of America's most famous landmarks, was actually a mission to convert foreigners into Christians. The Spaniards built it and called it San Antonio de Valero. It was constructed in the northeast part of Mexico called Texas. The mission began to be called the Alamo mission because in Spanish, Alamo means popular. After about seventy-five years, the mission was abandoned and parts of it crumbled into ruins. In 1821 Mexico won its freedom from Spain and they were now able to vote for leaders as the Americans could. Also, in 1821 an American lawyer named Stephen Austin moved to Texas. Mr. Austin believed that if enough farmers settled the land it could become very prosperous. The settlers agreed to be good citizens and good farmers. They also agreed to build towns and schools and make Texas a safe place to live. The Mexican government liked the idea of the Americans taming the wild, barren land. After all, no one else wanted to even try. In 1824 Mexico adopted a constitution much like the American constitution. This Mexican constitution promised that when Texas got to the point that when there were enough people living there, it would be a separate state with its own capital and government. Later politicians and military leaders began fighting over who should run the government, and the constitution was soon ignored. Leaders, one after the other, came into power. The amount of Americans living in Mexico was rapidly multiplying. Mexico began to worry, especially when America offered to buy Texas from them. The Mexican government passed a law forbidding any more Americans to live in Mexico. Shortly afterwards an extremely powerful military leader named Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna seized leadership of the Mexican government. Santa Anna strongly opposed the Mexican constitution and threw it out. He decided that the people could not and would not elect their leaders any more. Stephen Austin was asked to travel to the capital and ask Santa Anna if Texas would be allowed to become a separate state in Mexico. Santa Anna refused to allow that, even after being reminded of the fact that Santa Anna and his leaders promised to let the people of Texas set up their own government. That made Stephen Austin enraged. At once he wrote a letter asking the people of Texas to help him set up their own government. When Santa Anna found out about this, he put Austin in jail. Austin stayed in jail for nearly two years before he was allowed to return to his home in Texas. Austin no longer supported the Mexican government because Santa Anna would not allow the Texans to have a democratic government. Austin said to Santa Anna, Our only choice is war. The Texans still believe in being part of a democratic Mexico, but they did not want to live under Santa Anna's rule. If he sent any more soldiers to make them obey him, they would fight them. Austin had three powerful men to help the Texans: Sam Houston, Jim Bowie and William Travis. All three were very strong and well educated men. Travis and Austin drove the Mexicans out of many towns and captured several forts. They announced that they would fight until Santa Anna would restore the constitution of 1824 and make Mexico a democracy again. Santa Anna commanded an army himself. Santa Anna was positive that he and his army could kill all the Texans or make them surrender. While Santa Anna's troops were marching towards Texas, a band of 300 volunteers attacked the Mexican soldiers who were using the abandoned Alamo mission as a fort. The Mexicans felt very secure in the mission because bullets could not penetrate through the immensely thick walls. The Texan volunteers fought so hard that they forced the Mexicans to retreat and surrender. The Mexicans left the Alamo and the whole town of San Antonio to the Texans. Davy Crockett joined the group of volunteers. Now there were almost two hundred men inside the Alamo fort. They had stored some extra food just in case of an attack by the Mexicans. On February 23,1836 the sentinel spotted a huge army far off in the horizon. It was Santa

Yerma by Federico Lorca Essays

Yerma by Federico Lorca Essays Yerma by Federico Lorca Essay Yerma by Federico Lorca Essay Essay Topic: Play Yerma by Federico Lorca has been described by critics as One of the modern pinnacles of modern poetic drama that realises unknown aspirations and yearnings. To create these definitive themes truly anchored in the depths of the play the dreams desires and more importantly cravings have to be accentuated through lighting, set design, props, and most importantly the creation by the actors on stage. This essay discusses the approaches I intend to take to create the relevant atmospheres and themes to draw out the crucial themes and imagery. The opening scene is very specific to the stage directions but there are certain changes I would adopt. In exchange for a strange dreamlike light I would have a bright accusing light, and in particularly a spotlight of a different colour on Yerma to symbolise her difference from everyone else, in her inability to conform to the Spanish familiar lifestyle, making her an indirect and an unwilling revolutionary. The bright light would shine on Yerma whilst the rest of the stage would be lit gentler, again, highlighting her individual difference and her break away from normality. The lights should be dusky shades of reds and oranges (dry, barren and earth tones) in the background, symbolising a long landscape of barrenness, the idea of eternal dryness and nothing. The spotlight on Yerma would be a bright white light, symbolising her own fertility and her own desires, but the spotlight acting as a barrier and preventing her from escaping the eternal prison of her own cravings, and the taunt of the life outside still a continual dry existence. Though the spotlight would dim, I would like to hold a spotlight on her throughout the whole of the first scene to symbolise her mental prison, and her enclosed thoughts that yearn for children, which would occasionally get brighter in moment of womanly desires or direct relation to her fertility. I would keep the shepherds entrance with the child, as a symbolism of the theme of children, and the Shepard to present the era of the play. The stage itself would be set in the country side. There would be a stunted and under grown tree stretching up towards the sun, as if to reach for nutrients, a true reflection of Yermas pleas to witchcraft and her God to impregnate her. A dusty track would lead out into the distance of the set to show the eternal and monotonous lifestyle of the Spanish culture, the idea you follow one particular path and one particular routine till you die. It can also be used to express the strength of the barrenness, the lack of anything that could aid Yerma or women in Spanish society. Marius Romero staged a successful performance of Yerma in London and insisted that two necessary parts of the set was a pool of water to reinforce the contrast between purification and regeneration. The water is a symbol of a truly natural and earthy source, which would be positioned away from Yerma, as a taunt and a trick to show her unnatural inability to produce children. The other key area was a popular building in previous centuries called stark buildings. These are exceedingly inaccessible buildings, with little chance for entrance of escape and can be spotted in some of Dalis work. This would symbolise the oppression of woman in Spanish society, and the idea that everyday life could not touch them, in these cold dark prisons which usually took the form of their homes. The general colours of the set would be oranges and yellows, dry colours posing as warm and comforting, but really a true symbolism of Yermas eternal despair. Apart from the tree and the pool of water and Yermas sewing basket which she would keep as a symbol of her position in society, the rest of the stage would be bare as yet another accentuation of the theme of barren that constantly runs significantly throughout the play. At the very opening instead of just having the clock strike, I would have a slow monotonous continual ticking throughout the Shepards and childs time on stage. Coinciding with that I would have the sounds of a group of children playing, shouting and running quietly in the background. As the child touched Yerma that clock would begin to tick louder and quicker, and the childrens voices would rise in a steep crescendo. The clock is used as an important symbol of a womans bodily clock, menstrual cycle and Yermas personal lack of time. The pace would quicken to symbolise that her time was running out, then the whole noise would reach a peak and stop extremely suddenly and abruptly to emphasise Yermas swift drop back from her subconscious being splayed through her dream, to her desperate reality. I would adapt the song being sung offstage to having a child singing it standing directly in front of her, that she just sees through, as a symbolism of her greatest craving being directly in front of her, perhaps if she was not so faithful to Juan. The mood starts unsteadily and eerily, the expression of Yermas desire is at one of its peak moments, as her subconscious interferes into her dreams, crossing over from reality. On stage I would have the actress having a reaction to more of a nightmare, sharp, quick tortured movements that disturb her, and display the idea of her craving being so much to the extreme that it is physical pain. The dialogue and mood drops into a domesticated routine between what at first appearances could be misconceived as a happy and considerate partnership between man and wife. As Yerma broaches the subject of children, I would have the lights slightly dimmed and tinted with red as a symbolism of a dangerous subject. I would have Juan turning away, occupying himself with a pointless activity with a mixed expression of misery and anger. The mood would rise into high tension as these two stubborn characters face a head on collision, the looks that pass between them of irritation and Yermas over exaggerated affection towards Juan would appear false and forced, symbolising a marriage in crisis. When Yerma meets Maria the mood changes into a whole new sheet of emotions. Admiration and fierce stabs of jealousy swamp Yerma at the news Maria is expecting a baby. Her fascination manages to override her bitterness, and this would be shown by a lot of physical contact with Maria in an attempt to closen herself to the baby she craves as her own. She is directed to act queasy and faintly, to emphasise the growth of her cravings, as they extend out of her control. On stage, the actress would turn away from Maria, appearing physically ill. For this sector I would have the lights tinted with green as the stereotypical colour of jealousy, and the children noises of play repeated softly in the background as a taunt to Yerma. The mood then changes drastically again into a high level of unspoken sexual tension between Yerma and Victor as Yerma recognises a companion and a soul mate in Victor, at his agreement of the need of a child. The air takes on a dangerous and forbidden sense that I would have the actors edging uncomfortably away from each other, avoiding standing too close, looks being held longer than necessary and Juans nervous conversation may hold a stutter as if to hold back what he truly wants to say. The lights would be pink to accentuate the unspoken passion and the continual spotlight on Yerma would brighten significantly, to symbolise her womanliness and desperate fertility. In 1936 Lorca is quoted in saying Theatre is poetry that rises from the book and becomes human enough to talk and shout, weep and despair. Poetry and song are main focuses in the opening scene and Lorca got his inspiration from traditional Spanish songs and narrative Ballads. The scenes first dialogue takes the form of a song, which gives the impression of a nursery rhyme. The use of Nana gives the idea of a child speaking it, and the song should be sung using a child like voice and developed into a chant so it holds an edge of mocking to taunt Yerma. Yermas first song holds a large amount of imagery that relates directly to childbirth and fertility. For example Let the fountains leap, and the river run. This is another reference to water and its neutrality and the expected and natural flow of a river. Before she sings she is directed to stroke her stomach, this is an accurate stage direction as it allows the audience to visibly see the strength of her cravings and the stretch of her imagination that allows her to fall just before the brink of insanity. I would direct Yerma to sing the song directly to the unborn child she is stroking and perhaps hug herself as if she is in on her own private secret. I would wish her to display the characteristics of a truly pregnant woman, to emphasise the fact that her subconscious could force Yerma into the idea that she is really pregnant. The song gives an air of fantasy and hysteria to the play, and provides an insight into Yermas capabilities in her imagination. At the closing of the scene Yerma repeats a verse from the original song, as Victor has just refreshed her desire for a real family, as her subconscious reacts to Victors presence. We see Yerma being physically affected by her dazed movements and appearance at the end of the scene, her fixation into space may be her visualising her dream of children and subconsciously, Victor. Throughout the songs the spotlight would brighten, due to the direct links to fertility. The moods are much defined throughout the opening scenes and changes smoothly, with the songs acting as mood shifter so any atmosphere can be created between dialogues. In conclusion the main moods that I would aim to direct across significantly are desperation, unwilling, insanity and jealousy. The clearly defined sectors of the scene allow the use of colour in lighting as a symbol of the particular message being portrayed. The scene has themes firmly indented which need to be portrayed through acting skills in particular, other wise the whole objective and meaning of the play is lost. Lorca was quoted to say A poet must be a professor of the five bodily senses and as Yerma has been described as A tragic poem in three acts and six scenes I believe Lorca wanted the audience to have to use all their senses too, and for the creation on stage to enable the audience to do that.

What is the best type of data to use when doing research in your field Essay - 1

What is the best type of data to use when doing research in your field of - Essay Example e need to design and implement efficient international relations guidelines and practices, it has become imperative that more accurate international relations researches are conducted. Among the issues surrounding international relations researches is that of the best research method and type of data to be used. Central to these debates are quantitative and qualitative data, which are the two major types of data used in most disciplines. This paper explores the type(s) of data that is best suited for researching international relations, taking the stance that these two types of data can be used complimentarily in international relations research since each has its strengths and weaknesses, which could be complimented by the other. That the two data types can be combined to ensure accurate international relations researches is supported by the fact that while quantitative data are numerical representations and the manipulations of the obtained observations to describe and explain international phenomena, qualitative data emphasises meanings and processes that may not be measured (Mahoney & Goertz, 2006). From these definitions, it is quite evident that both numerical and non-numerical aspects of international relations would be catered for if researchers combined both qualitative and quantitative data (Mahoney & Goertz, 2006). That is, qualitative data presents, interprets and explains non-numerical aspects of an observation so that underlying international relations patterns, issues and meanings are discerned and understood. In other words, the two types of data have relative values depending on the nature and the objectives of the international relations research to be conducted. The aspects of international relations issues that qualitative data may help explore and explain are issues whose quantity, intensity, amount or frequency may not be rigorously measured. In other words, this type of data would emphasise the social nature and the relationships of

The Court Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Court Process - Essay Example I hope that you are well.   Recently, I spoke to you regarding your arrest for trespass of a building and theft of a laptop computer contrary to section 91 (b) of the Theft Act of 1968.You indicated that you would like to enter a plea of not guilty.   I want you to understand that a plea of â€Å"not guilty† does not necessarily mean that you will get off at your trial.The offense you were charged with was a trial by the way which means it could be heard in either the Magistrate or the Crown Court.   There are pros and cons of having a case tried in either court.   The Crown Court is superior to the Magistrate’s Court and the judge has greater sentencing powers. Additionally, there is a jury associated with the Crown Court and they tend to let off more defendants than the Magistrate’s Court.   However, in the Magistrate’s Court the case will be heard sooner and there would be no jury involved.   The Magistrate’s Court will probably decid e that they can take the case and it will not have to go to the Crown Court.   Because only one out of three eyewitnesses to the theft was able to pick you out in the ID procedure, that could work in your favor.   You requested that I apply for bail. You have the right to request bail under the Bail Act of 1976.   However, it is likely that the prosecution will raise objections to bail based on the fact that you failed to surrender to bail when you committed the offense of 3 years ago and a further offense whilst on bail for the TWOC (taking a vehicle without consent).

McDonalds Essay Example for Free

McDonalds Essay McDonalds is the world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants. McDonalds and its franchises operated more than 33,000 McDonald’s restaurants in 118 countries and serve 64 million customers each day. The company also operates other restaurant brands, such as Piles Cafe. McDonalds is the largest food service company in the world. In 2010, the annual total revenues are 24,075 millions. It is also one of biggest employers in the United States, with over 1. 7 million workers (our company). Only fifteen to twenty per cent of the restaurants are actually company-owned. The rest are franchises, run by 2,659 independent owners who pay a fee of between $400,000 and $700,000 for a franchise. McDonalds licensing department handles the fee structure on a case by case basis, and there are a wide variety of license fees determined by property and equipment costs. A skilled franchisee can earn a sex-figure income from a single restaurant; most own two or more restaurants (report). The following part will focus on the international factors affect on the McDonald’s company. International factor is an external environment. It refers to the characteristics of the environment that are particular to cross-border operations which included economic cycles, competitive and entrepreneurial cultures (book). McDonald’s is a large international company. It’s restaurant distributed around the world. Thus, there are many factors that McDonald’s need to consider. Such as how to meet different countries’ customers’ need. Because of different country’s customers have different culture, habit and different taste of food. The other one is how to gain competitive advantage form local restaurant. There are many fast food service companies in the world for example Burger King and KFC, especially Burger King. Burger King is also a big international company with lots of stores around the world. It’s a great competitor for the McDonald’s (Product positioning). One thing that McDonald’s do to meet customers’ need and gain competitive advantage is customization. Even though McDonald’s is centred on a core formula for its restaurants and food products, it has to have some customization to meet different country’s customers’ need. For instance, alcohol is only available in McDonald’s restaurants in some countries but not in others. Basic on different country’s culture and eating habits, McDonald’s also developed different types of burger to serves different country’s customers. Such as The Teriyaki McBurger, a sausage patty on a bun with teriyaki sauce, sold in Japan (Global and transnational business: strategy and management. George Stonehouse, David Campbell). McDonald’s also uses high quality of food and service to catch customers and gain competitive advantage. As Jim Skinner, Vice Chairman and CEO of McDonald’s, said, â€Å"running better restaurants is McDonald’s number one priority. We will improve operation excellence around the world through new technology, better training, and service enhancements† (report). Training is an important tool for companies to achieve satisfaction and sustaining competitive advantage. Employee training at McDonalds is highly structured. New workers are first taken through the basic Crew Training System. Which is an on-the job- training and is largely vocational. After this process, workers will enter into a new training program, with the skills becoming more complex and generalized. The second level of training begins with a one-hour orientation on the company. Workers will watch a video and read step by step manuals at training room. The video and manuals included every detail of the operation such as how to make burgers, shake. Each restaurant has its own training room. Trainers use a series of checklists, Station Observation Checklist to evaluate new crew members’ performance. For a crew member, the training is over. But once a crew has been promoted to swing manager, he or she will continue to receive training which called management development program. It included teaching technical and functional management skill for employees at the swing manager level. There are four steps in this program. First one is Basic operations Course which covers fundamental restaurant openings. The next is Basic Management Curse which teaches leaderships, time planning, and crew recognition. Then is operations Course, students are trained on crew recruitment and retention, store leadership and decision-making. The last part in this process is Regional Equipment Course. Once employees finished this training and become assistant managed, he or she is eligible to get into Hamburger University, the company’s world wide training center for management personnel. About 2,500 managers and potential franchisees studied here. The course included enhancing communication, interpersonal and human relations skills. All McDonald’s managers are required to receive training from Hamburger University at least once every 5 years to enhance their skills. Training is seen as a core aspect in McDonald’s daily operations. Because of training is one of the important means to achieve standardization. By training employees, company can gain lots of advantages. It can increase company’s productivity, reduce staff turnover and improve service quality (). Each and every one of these customers deserved great services from the moment they approach the counter or drive-thru window until they leave the restaurants. We depend on the employees in the restaurant, whether employed by independent franchises or by McDonalds Corporation, to provide a fast friendly and courteous experience to all guests so they will visit us again and again. Thats why McDonalds Independent Franchisees and McDonalds Corporation look for individuals who like to have fun while delivering fast accurate and friendly service. If you are interested in becoming a part of a McDonalds Team, here are some of the duties that could be required of you: 1. On Time, Neat and Clean: Our crewmembers are expected to report work on time, neat and clean. 2. Wash Your Hands: the most important thing crewmembers so to help make sure our customers receive safe food is to wash their hands often.  3.  Skills and Training: Training will provide you with the skills you will need to perform your job. 4. Standards: Crewmembers follow standard operational procedures so customers always receive exceptional quality service. 5. Teamwork: Our crewmembers rely on teamwork and high energy to get the job done. 6. Clean Spotless Tidy sparking. Our customers expect every McDonalds will be clean. 7. Welcomed Guest: Our crewmembers make each customer feel like a welcomed guest. 8. Service: We depend on our crewmembers to deliver fast, accurate and friendly service with a smile.