The Alamo Essays - Davy Crockett, Texas Revolution,

The Alamo The Alamo, one of America's most famous landmarks, was actually a mission to convert foreigners into Christians. The Spaniards built it and called it San Antonio de Valero. It was constructed in the northeast part of Mexico called Texas. The mission began to be called the Alamo mission because in Spanish, Alamo means popular. After about seventy-five years, the mission was abandoned and parts of it crumbled into ruins. In 1821 Mexico won its freedom from Spain and they were now able to vote for leaders as the Americans could. Also, in 1821 an American lawyer named Stephen Austin moved to Texas. Mr. Austin believed that if enough farmers settled the land it could become very prosperous. The settlers agreed to be good citizens and good farmers. They also agreed to build towns and schools and make Texas a safe place to live. The Mexican government liked the idea of the Americans taming the wild, barren land. After all, no one else wanted to even try. In 1824 Mexico adopted a constitution much like the American constitution. This Mexican constitution promised that when Texas got to the point that when there were enough people living there, it would be a separate state with its own capital and government. Later politicians and military leaders began fighting over who should run the government, and the constitution was soon ignored. Leaders, one after the other, came into power. The amount of Americans living in Mexico was rapidly multiplying. Mexico began to worry, especially when America offered to buy Texas from them. The Mexican government passed a law forbidding any more Americans to live in Mexico. Shortly afterwards an extremely powerful military leader named Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna seized leadership of the Mexican government. Santa Anna strongly opposed the Mexican constitution and threw it out. He decided that the people could not and would not elect their leaders any more. Stephen Austin was asked to travel to the capital and ask Santa Anna if Texas would be allowed to become a separate state in Mexico. Santa Anna refused to allow that, even after being reminded of the fact that Santa Anna and his leaders promised to let the people of Texas set up their own government. That made Stephen Austin enraged. At once he wrote a letter asking the people of Texas to help him set up their own government. When Santa Anna found out about this, he put Austin in jail. Austin stayed in jail for nearly two years before he was allowed to return to his home in Texas. Austin no longer supported the Mexican government because Santa Anna would not allow the Texans to have a democratic government. Austin said to Santa Anna, Our only choice is war. The Texans still believe in being part of a democratic Mexico, but they did not want to live under Santa Anna's rule. If he sent any more soldiers to make them obey him, they would fight them. Austin had three powerful men to help the Texans: Sam Houston, Jim Bowie and William Travis. All three were very strong and well educated men. Travis and Austin drove the Mexicans out of many towns and captured several forts. They announced that they would fight until Santa Anna would restore the constitution of 1824 and make Mexico a democracy again. Santa Anna commanded an army himself. Santa Anna was positive that he and his army could kill all the Texans or make them surrender. While Santa Anna's troops were marching towards Texas, a band of 300 volunteers attacked the Mexican soldiers who were using the abandoned Alamo mission as a fort. The Mexicans felt very secure in the mission because bullets could not penetrate through the immensely thick walls. The Texan volunteers fought so hard that they forced the Mexicans to retreat and surrender. The Mexicans left the Alamo and the whole town of San Antonio to the Texans. Davy Crockett joined the group of volunteers. Now there were almost two hundred men inside the Alamo fort. They had stored some extra food just in case of an attack by the Mexicans. On February 23,1836 the sentinel spotted a huge army far off in the horizon. It was Santa

Yerma by Federico Lorca Essays

Yerma by Federico Lorca Essays Yerma by Federico Lorca Essay Yerma by Federico Lorca Essay Essay Topic: Play Yerma by Federico Lorca has been described by critics as One of the modern pinnacles of modern poetic drama that realises unknown aspirations and yearnings. To create these definitive themes truly anchored in the depths of the play the dreams desires and more importantly cravings have to be accentuated through lighting, set design, props, and most importantly the creation by the actors on stage. This essay discusses the approaches I intend to take to create the relevant atmospheres and themes to draw out the crucial themes and imagery. The opening scene is very specific to the stage directions but there are certain changes I would adopt. In exchange for a strange dreamlike light I would have a bright accusing light, and in particularly a spotlight of a different colour on Yerma to symbolise her difference from everyone else, in her inability to conform to the Spanish familiar lifestyle, making her an indirect and an unwilling revolutionary. The bright light would shine on Yerma whilst the rest of the stage would be lit gentler, again, highlighting her individual difference and her break away from normality. The lights should be dusky shades of reds and oranges (dry, barren and earth tones) in the background, symbolising a long landscape of barrenness, the idea of eternal dryness and nothing. The spotlight on Yerma would be a bright white light, symbolising her own fertility and her own desires, but the spotlight acting as a barrier and preventing her from escaping the eternal prison of her own cravings, and the taunt of the life outside still a continual dry existence. Though the spotlight would dim, I would like to hold a spotlight on her throughout the whole of the first scene to symbolise her mental prison, and her enclosed thoughts that yearn for children, which would occasionally get brighter in moment of womanly desires or direct relation to her fertility. I would keep the shepherds entrance with the child, as a symbolism of the theme of children, and the Shepard to present the era of the play. The stage itself would be set in the country side. There would be a stunted and under grown tree stretching up towards the sun, as if to reach for nutrients, a true reflection of Yermas pleas to witchcraft and her God to impregnate her. A dusty track would lead out into the distance of the set to show the eternal and monotonous lifestyle of the Spanish culture, the idea you follow one particular path and one particular routine till you die. It can also be used to express the strength of the barrenness, the lack of anything that could aid Yerma or women in Spanish society. Marius Romero staged a successful performance of Yerma in London and insisted that two necessary parts of the set was a pool of water to reinforce the contrast between purification and regeneration. The water is a symbol of a truly natural and earthy source, which would be positioned away from Yerma, as a taunt and a trick to show her unnatural inability to produce children. The other key area was a popular building in previous centuries called stark buildings. These are exceedingly inaccessible buildings, with little chance for entrance of escape and can be spotted in some of Dalis work. This would symbolise the oppression of woman in Spanish society, and the idea that everyday life could not touch them, in these cold dark prisons which usually took the form of their homes. The general colours of the set would be oranges and yellows, dry colours posing as warm and comforting, but really a true symbolism of Yermas eternal despair. Apart from the tree and the pool of water and Yermas sewing basket which she would keep as a symbol of her position in society, the rest of the stage would be bare as yet another accentuation of the theme of barren that constantly runs significantly throughout the play. At the very opening instead of just having the clock strike, I would have a slow monotonous continual ticking throughout the Shepards and childs time on stage. Coinciding with that I would have the sounds of a group of children playing, shouting and running quietly in the background. As the child touched Yerma that clock would begin to tick louder and quicker, and the childrens voices would rise in a steep crescendo. The clock is used as an important symbol of a womans bodily clock, menstrual cycle and Yermas personal lack of time. The pace would quicken to symbolise that her time was running out, then the whole noise would reach a peak and stop extremely suddenly and abruptly to emphasise Yermas swift drop back from her subconscious being splayed through her dream, to her desperate reality. I would adapt the song being sung offstage to having a child singing it standing directly in front of her, that she just sees through, as a symbolism of her greatest craving being directly in front of her, perhaps if she was not so faithful to Juan. The mood starts unsteadily and eerily, the expression of Yermas desire is at one of its peak moments, as her subconscious interferes into her dreams, crossing over from reality. On stage I would have the actress having a reaction to more of a nightmare, sharp, quick tortured movements that disturb her, and display the idea of her craving being so much to the extreme that it is physical pain. The dialogue and mood drops into a domesticated routine between what at first appearances could be misconceived as a happy and considerate partnership between man and wife. As Yerma broaches the subject of children, I would have the lights slightly dimmed and tinted with red as a symbolism of a dangerous subject. I would have Juan turning away, occupying himself with a pointless activity with a mixed expression of misery and anger. The mood would rise into high tension as these two stubborn characters face a head on collision, the looks that pass between them of irritation and Yermas over exaggerated affection towards Juan would appear false and forced, symbolising a marriage in crisis. When Yerma meets Maria the mood changes into a whole new sheet of emotions. Admiration and fierce stabs of jealousy swamp Yerma at the news Maria is expecting a baby. Her fascination manages to override her bitterness, and this would be shown by a lot of physical contact with Maria in an attempt to closen herself to the baby she craves as her own. She is directed to act queasy and faintly, to emphasise the growth of her cravings, as they extend out of her control. On stage, the actress would turn away from Maria, appearing physically ill. For this sector I would have the lights tinted with green as the stereotypical colour of jealousy, and the children noises of play repeated softly in the background as a taunt to Yerma. The mood then changes drastically again into a high level of unspoken sexual tension between Yerma and Victor as Yerma recognises a companion and a soul mate in Victor, at his agreement of the need of a child. The air takes on a dangerous and forbidden sense that I would have the actors edging uncomfortably away from each other, avoiding standing too close, looks being held longer than necessary and Juans nervous conversation may hold a stutter as if to hold back what he truly wants to say. The lights would be pink to accentuate the unspoken passion and the continual spotlight on Yerma would brighten significantly, to symbolise her womanliness and desperate fertility. In 1936 Lorca is quoted in saying Theatre is poetry that rises from the book and becomes human enough to talk and shout, weep and despair. Poetry and song are main focuses in the opening scene and Lorca got his inspiration from traditional Spanish songs and narrative Ballads. The scenes first dialogue takes the form of a song, which gives the impression of a nursery rhyme. The use of Nana gives the idea of a child speaking it, and the song should be sung using a child like voice and developed into a chant so it holds an edge of mocking to taunt Yerma. Yermas first song holds a large amount of imagery that relates directly to childbirth and fertility. For example Let the fountains leap, and the river run. This is another reference to water and its neutrality and the expected and natural flow of a river. Before she sings she is directed to stroke her stomach, this is an accurate stage direction as it allows the audience to visibly see the strength of her cravings and the stretch of her imagination that allows her to fall just before the brink of insanity. I would direct Yerma to sing the song directly to the unborn child she is stroking and perhaps hug herself as if she is in on her own private secret. I would wish her to display the characteristics of a truly pregnant woman, to emphasise the fact that her subconscious could force Yerma into the idea that she is really pregnant. The song gives an air of fantasy and hysteria to the play, and provides an insight into Yermas capabilities in her imagination. At the closing of the scene Yerma repeats a verse from the original song, as Victor has just refreshed her desire for a real family, as her subconscious reacts to Victors presence. We see Yerma being physically affected by her dazed movements and appearance at the end of the scene, her fixation into space may be her visualising her dream of children and subconsciously, Victor. Throughout the songs the spotlight would brighten, due to the direct links to fertility. The moods are much defined throughout the opening scenes and changes smoothly, with the songs acting as mood shifter so any atmosphere can be created between dialogues. In conclusion the main moods that I would aim to direct across significantly are desperation, unwilling, insanity and jealousy. The clearly defined sectors of the scene allow the use of colour in lighting as a symbol of the particular message being portrayed. The scene has themes firmly indented which need to be portrayed through acting skills in particular, other wise the whole objective and meaning of the play is lost. Lorca was quoted to say A poet must be a professor of the five bodily senses and as Yerma has been described as A tragic poem in three acts and six scenes I believe Lorca wanted the audience to have to use all their senses too, and for the creation on stage to enable the audience to do that.

What is the best type of data to use when doing research in your field Essay - 1

What is the best type of data to use when doing research in your field of - Essay Example e need to design and implement efficient international relations guidelines and practices, it has become imperative that more accurate international relations researches are conducted. Among the issues surrounding international relations researches is that of the best research method and type of data to be used. Central to these debates are quantitative and qualitative data, which are the two major types of data used in most disciplines. This paper explores the type(s) of data that is best suited for researching international relations, taking the stance that these two types of data can be used complimentarily in international relations research since each has its strengths and weaknesses, which could be complimented by the other. That the two data types can be combined to ensure accurate international relations researches is supported by the fact that while quantitative data are numerical representations and the manipulations of the obtained observations to describe and explain international phenomena, qualitative data emphasises meanings and processes that may not be measured (Mahoney & Goertz, 2006). From these definitions, it is quite evident that both numerical and non-numerical aspects of international relations would be catered for if researchers combined both qualitative and quantitative data (Mahoney & Goertz, 2006). That is, qualitative data presents, interprets and explains non-numerical aspects of an observation so that underlying international relations patterns, issues and meanings are discerned and understood. In other words, the two types of data have relative values depending on the nature and the objectives of the international relations research to be conducted. The aspects of international relations issues that qualitative data may help explore and explain are issues whose quantity, intensity, amount or frequency may not be rigorously measured. In other words, this type of data would emphasise the social nature and the relationships of

The Court Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Court Process - Essay Example I hope that you are well.   Recently, I spoke to you regarding your arrest for trespass of a building and theft of a laptop computer contrary to section 91 (b) of the Theft Act of 1968.You indicated that you would like to enter a plea of not guilty.   I want you to understand that a plea of â€Å"not guilty† does not necessarily mean that you will get off at your trial.The offense you were charged with was a trial by the way which means it could be heard in either the Magistrate or the Crown Court.   There are pros and cons of having a case tried in either court.   The Crown Court is superior to the Magistrate’s Court and the judge has greater sentencing powers. Additionally, there is a jury associated with the Crown Court and they tend to let off more defendants than the Magistrate’s Court.   However, in the Magistrate’s Court the case will be heard sooner and there would be no jury involved.   The Magistrate’s Court will probably decid e that they can take the case and it will not have to go to the Crown Court.   Because only one out of three eyewitnesses to the theft was able to pick you out in the ID procedure, that could work in your favor.   You requested that I apply for bail. You have the right to request bail under the Bail Act of 1976.   However, it is likely that the prosecution will raise objections to bail based on the fact that you failed to surrender to bail when you committed the offense of 3 years ago and a further offense whilst on bail for the TWOC (taking a vehicle without consent).

McDonalds Essay Example for Free

McDonalds Essay McDonalds is the world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants. McDonalds and its franchises operated more than 33,000 McDonald’s restaurants in 118 countries and serve 64 million customers each day. The company also operates other restaurant brands, such as Piles Cafe. McDonalds is the largest food service company in the world. In 2010, the annual total revenues are 24,075 millions. It is also one of biggest employers in the United States, with over 1. 7 million workers (our company). Only fifteen to twenty per cent of the restaurants are actually company-owned. The rest are franchises, run by 2,659 independent owners who pay a fee of between $400,000 and $700,000 for a franchise. McDonalds licensing department handles the fee structure on a case by case basis, and there are a wide variety of license fees determined by property and equipment costs. A skilled franchisee can earn a sex-figure income from a single restaurant; most own two or more restaurants (report). The following part will focus on the international factors affect on the McDonald’s company. International factor is an external environment. It refers to the characteristics of the environment that are particular to cross-border operations which included economic cycles, competitive and entrepreneurial cultures (book). McDonald’s is a large international company. It’s restaurant distributed around the world. Thus, there are many factors that McDonald’s need to consider. Such as how to meet different countries’ customers’ need. Because of different country’s customers have different culture, habit and different taste of food. The other one is how to gain competitive advantage form local restaurant. There are many fast food service companies in the world for example Burger King and KFC, especially Burger King. Burger King is also a big international company with lots of stores around the world. It’s a great competitor for the McDonald’s (Product positioning). One thing that McDonald’s do to meet customers’ need and gain competitive advantage is customization. Even though McDonald’s is centred on a core formula for its restaurants and food products, it has to have some customization to meet different country’s customers’ need. For instance, alcohol is only available in McDonald’s restaurants in some countries but not in others. Basic on different country’s culture and eating habits, McDonald’s also developed different types of burger to serves different country’s customers. Such as The Teriyaki McBurger, a sausage patty on a bun with teriyaki sauce, sold in Japan (Global and transnational business: strategy and management. George Stonehouse, David Campbell). McDonald’s also uses high quality of food and service to catch customers and gain competitive advantage. As Jim Skinner, Vice Chairman and CEO of McDonald’s, said, â€Å"running better restaurants is McDonald’s number one priority. We will improve operation excellence around the world through new technology, better training, and service enhancements† (report). Training is an important tool for companies to achieve satisfaction and sustaining competitive advantage. Employee training at McDonalds is highly structured. New workers are first taken through the basic Crew Training System. Which is an on-the job- training and is largely vocational. After this process, workers will enter into a new training program, with the skills becoming more complex and generalized. The second level of training begins with a one-hour orientation on the company. Workers will watch a video and read step by step manuals at training room. The video and manuals included every detail of the operation such as how to make burgers, shake. Each restaurant has its own training room. Trainers use a series of checklists, Station Observation Checklist to evaluate new crew members’ performance. For a crew member, the training is over. But once a crew has been promoted to swing manager, he or she will continue to receive training which called management development program. It included teaching technical and functional management skill for employees at the swing manager level. There are four steps in this program. First one is Basic operations Course which covers fundamental restaurant openings. The next is Basic Management Curse which teaches leaderships, time planning, and crew recognition. Then is operations Course, students are trained on crew recruitment and retention, store leadership and decision-making. The last part in this process is Regional Equipment Course. Once employees finished this training and become assistant managed, he or she is eligible to get into Hamburger University, the company’s world wide training center for management personnel. About 2,500 managers and potential franchisees studied here. The course included enhancing communication, interpersonal and human relations skills. All McDonald’s managers are required to receive training from Hamburger University at least once every 5 years to enhance their skills. Training is seen as a core aspect in McDonald’s daily operations. Because of training is one of the important means to achieve standardization. By training employees, company can gain lots of advantages. It can increase company’s productivity, reduce staff turnover and improve service quality (). Each and every one of these customers deserved great services from the moment they approach the counter or drive-thru window until they leave the restaurants. We depend on the employees in the restaurant, whether employed by independent franchises or by McDonalds Corporation, to provide a fast friendly and courteous experience to all guests so they will visit us again and again. Thats why McDonalds Independent Franchisees and McDonalds Corporation look for individuals who like to have fun while delivering fast accurate and friendly service. If you are interested in becoming a part of a McDonalds Team, here are some of the duties that could be required of you: 1. On Time, Neat and Clean: Our crewmembers are expected to report work on time, neat and clean. 2. Wash Your Hands: the most important thing crewmembers so to help make sure our customers receive safe food is to wash their hands often.  3.  Skills and Training: Training will provide you with the skills you will need to perform your job. 4. Standards: Crewmembers follow standard operational procedures so customers always receive exceptional quality service. 5. Teamwork: Our crewmembers rely on teamwork and high energy to get the job done. 6. Clean Spotless Tidy sparking. Our customers expect every McDonalds will be clean. 7. Welcomed Guest: Our crewmembers make each customer feel like a welcomed guest. 8. Service: We depend on our crewmembers to deliver fast, accurate and friendly service with a smile.

Othello :: essays research papers

After reading Othello by Shakespeare over about 3 times, I came to feel sorry for a man that I can easily say was gulled into tragedy by his own purity. I can see Othello as a man that could sit at the ‘Round Table† with King Arthur and rank among those wonderous knights of chivalry. At his end, he had nothing. The Duke calls Othello ‘Valiant Othello’ (1057) Othello also stands ready to face Brabantio, Iago tells him to run. Othello - ‘Not I; I must be found. My parts, my title and my perfect soul Shall manifest me rightly. (1054) As grand as his internal characteristics are, he also stumbles with his own susceptibility to become betrayed. Othello also has no sense of grey. He sees things are either good or evil. To Cassio, Othello – ‘Thy honesty and love doth mince this matter, making it light to Cassio. Cassio, I love thee, But never more be officer of mine’ (1078) For his one transgression, Cassio is stripped of his rank and cast aside. Othello seems to place his trust in people that have not demonstrated a reason to be mistrusted. Iago at no time gives cause to be mistrusted. Othello had to see the reason, something tangible. The external pressures on Othello are partially due to his being black. Iago starts his scheming of destruction using Othellos color against him, when he beckons Barbanito to action. Iago – Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise! Arise! (1051) This prejudice may have damaged his self-esteem, where he believed he was unworthy of Desdemona. Iago drops doubt in his mind, Othello begs for the suspicious thoughts. Othello – â€Å"By heaven, I’ll know thy thoughts.’ (1087) This opens the door to Iago’s deceit. Iago – ‘O, beware my lord of jealousy!†¦ which doth mock.’ (1087) Othello – ‘Farewell, Farewell,†¦.. Set on thy wife to observe. Leave me, Iago.’ (1089) Here is where the splinter drives deeper. From this point, there is more falls of the seal the fate of poor Othello. The mind bending Iago plants deep the seeds of wicked thoughts.

Primary Education Essay

The Government of India in 2001 launched the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), a nationwide programme to provide universal primary education, thereby encouraging secondary education also. The Center passed The Right to Education Act in 1 April 2010, which guarantees free and compulsory education to every child in the 6-14 age groups. But, the lack of awareness on the requirement of pre-school education & operational challenges including the availability of quality teachers are some of the issues that still limit the widespread benefits from the government act. Though the number of institutes has gone up significantly since then, but most of them provide an average education. Many state-funded schools in India lack even the basic infrastructure. In fact the quality of education, especially in remote villages, is very dismal. The quality of teaching in elementary schools is not up to the mark. Teacher absenteeism is widespread, teachers are not adequately trained and the quality of pedagogy is poor. One of the major challenges is the diminishing inclination of youth towards the teaching profession. The low salary base, lack of incentives and a lethargic job with less of dynamism have made the profession a last resort for the youth. Also, the profession has lost the level of respect that it deserved. Nowadays, it is only been seen as a supplementary income, and they keep trying to enhance their qualification, till they get into a better job. While there is immense shortage of primary and upper primary schools, there are some schools in many parts of the district where a single teacher is taking all classes from 1-5. As per RTE Act norms, the ratio of teacher and students should be 1:30 in primary schools and 1: 35 in upper primary schools. But, past 2 years since the enactment of the RTE act, there is a shortage of 1. 2 million teachers in India. This gap has led to lack of interest in the students too, which led to decline in the enrolment and also shift towards tuitions. Key national highlights by ASER report 2009 * The percentage of all rural children in Std 5 reading text at Std 2 level shows a decline from 56. 2 percent in 2008 to 52. 8 percent in 2009. This means around 40% of all rural children in Std 5 in India are at least three grade levels behind based on their level of learning * In math, for children in Std 5, the ability to do division problems has hardly increased. From 2007-09, for children in government schools the ability has actually declined from 41 percent to 36% * In Government Schools, 17. 1 percent students take private tuitions, and it rises to 30. 8 percent by the time they reach standard 8th * In private schools more than 25 percent students take private tuitions from standard 1 itself. Some of these challenges can be overcome by adopting Innovative teaching/ learning methods to achieve the desired quality: For high quality education throughout, India needs to focus on strengthening nation wide network, which would provide equal quality education to all students, including the students from the rural areas and villages, irrespective of the type of school. New methods of delivery would enable to augment access, quality and improve delivery at various levels of education and also to bridge the gap between the faculty requirements and their availability. Information, Communication and technology (ICT) tools such as videos, television and multimedia computer software that combine text, sound, and colourful, moving images can be used to provide challenging and authentic content that would engage the students in the learning process. ICTs can also be used to improve access to and the quality of teacher training. Some international examples in this regard are: * Cyber Teacher Training Center (CTTC) in South Korea is leveraging on Internet to provide better teacher professional development opportunities to in service teachers. The government-funded CTTC, offers self-directed, self-paced web-based courses for primary and secondary school teachers * In China, large-scale radio and television-based teacher education has for many years been conducted by the China Central Radio and TV, University, the Shanghai Radio and TV University (RTVU) and many other RTVUs in the country. Some progressive approaches the Indian education sector has adopted * Eight hundred and fifty schools in India use Tata Sky Active. Besides over a million Tata Sky homes spend more than INR 30 every month to buy services such as Active English, Active Learning and Active Wizkids. * Activity based learning – * Katha: A Initiative involving Amar Chitra Katha characters to impart education to school children * Hey Math: Content providers are selling different school fundamentals as a learning package to children. Initiatives are now in place to sell science packages * Campus-Connect Programs – Governments are having partnerships with training schools for vocational training, like Government of Delhi and IndiaCan have partnered to impart English education to bus drivers * Voucher Schools – * A school voucher or education voucher is a certificate issued by the government which parents can apply toward tuition at a school * The government of Rajasthan has announced two schemes that use school vouchers- Gyanodaya for classes 6-12 and Shikshak ka Apna Vidyalaya for classes 1-5. Trends in Education Sector in Pre-school: Trends| Examples:| Entry of Big Corporate| * Many corporate houses have / are planning to set up their own chain of pre-schools – Pre schools are viewed as attractive investment opportunities due to the growth potential. * For e.g. Alphakids set up by Camlin group and Globe Tot’ers by Yash Birla Group, P&G’s flagship Corporate Social Responsibility Program Shiksha. | Joint Ventures with Builders| * Increasingly preschools are forming joint ventures with builders. Partnering with builders helps in imparting flexibility in the business against high lease rentals * AEZ group and Mothers Pride entered into a JV for a Preschool| Upgrade to K 12| * Preschool chains are moving up the value chain by upgrading to K-12 schools to ensure scalability  for preschool firms * Kidzee, Euro Kids and Kangaroo Kids are upgrading to K-12 school and a large majority of their preschool population is expected to be the potential customers for K-12| Expansion to Tier I & Tier II Cities| * Demand and affordability is increasing in small towns with the growing awareness among people about the need to send children to preschools. * Euro kids plans to add 1000 pre schools in medium term with Tier II and Tier III cities as growth drivers| Leveraging Infrastructure foreconomic viability| * In order to maximize space utilization, preschools are leveraging the existing infrastructure to generate additional revenues * Additional programmes are being offered in the same premise in order to allow higher utilization of the infrastructure|.